Nyongo working dead

Sidoo kale loo yaqaan: nyongo, ekongi, kupe, Mount Kupe zombies

Khuraafaad iyo ugaarsiDhintaySixir1900 ilaa 1967

Nyongo is a Cameroonian witchcraft belief in which the newly rich are suspected of killing their kin by occult means and putting them to work as the living dead. The victims toil unseen on Mount Kupe, in Bakossi country, to build their owner's fortune. Anthropologists link the belief to colonial plantation agriculture and, later, to economic crisis. It is one of the best-studied African parallels to the Haitian zombi, and like it turns on the theft of a dead person's labour.1 2 3

Dagaal geli

Markii ugu horreysay ee la diiwaangeliyay

1950

Legends current from around the Second World War; first described by the anthropologist Edwin Ardener in the 1950s

Asal

Cameroonian (Bakweri, Bakossi and neighbouring peoples)

Kameruun

Waxa sababa

Sixir

Members of a secret witch society are believed to 'sell' relatives, who seem to die but are taken from the grave to work.

Sida aad mid u noqotid

A nyongo member makes a relative appear to die, then removes the person from the grave.

Caqli

Maskax la'

Meelaha daciifka ah

witch-finding: villages paid the witch-hunter Obasi Njom to cleanse them
suspected members were beheaded or buried face down so they would not rise as ekongi

Goorma ayuu markii ugu horreysay soo baxay?

Adduunka hore Qarniyadii dhexe 1500 ilaa 1899 1900 ilaa 1967 1968 ilaa 1999 2000 ilaa 2009 2010 ilaa maanta

1950

Legends current from around the Second World War; first described by the anthropologist Edwin Ardener in the 1950s

qoraallada goobta

Waxa ilaha yidhaahdaan

The victims' labour is said to make their owner rich1 2 3

Dead rats were said to be laid under the 'corpse' to hasten the burial1 2 3

Tin roofs were taken as a sign of membership, which for a time discouraged people from building modern houses1 2 3

Children were warned not to pick up coins from the ground, which might be bait1 2 3

Accusations rose sharply after the economic crisis of the late 1980s1 2 3

A 1992 road accident that killed schoolchildren was blamed on a headmaster 'giving' them to the society1 2 3

Ilaha

Xaqiiqo kasta oo bogga ku jirta waxay ka timid ishahan, waxaana lagu qoray hadalkayaga. Khalad ma aragtay? Noogu sheeg [email protected].

Quudi kooxda zombiyada. Xayeysiis ma jiro, raadraac ma jiro, hal qof baa bixiya. Tibiriq yar ayaa ka dhigaya shabakadda mid furan.Tibiriq reeb

Isla xilligaas: 1900 ilaa 1967

AmalanhigVisayan (Philippines), 1967

Felicia Felix-MentorHaitian, 1937