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Illustration of Hortlak
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Hortlak

A tún ń pè é ní: hortdan, xortdan, cadı, obur
Ìtàn àtẹnudẹ́nu àti àròsọÒkú1500 sí 1899

Hortlak is the everyday Turkish word for a dead person who climbs back out of the grave. Ottoman judges and muftis were asked to rule on such cases from at least the 16th century and authorised staking or burning the bodies, much as Christian authorities did in the Balkans. Related figures appear among the Azerbaijanis (xortdan) and Tatars. The tradition shows that the walking-corpse panic of south-eastern Europe was shared across the religious frontier.12

Bá a jà
Ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ tí a kọ sílẹ̀
1550
Cases involving hortlaks appear in Ottoman kadı court records from the mid-16th century
Orírun
Turkish and wider Turkic
Turkey, Azerbaijan
Ohun tó fà á
A kò ṣàlàyé rẹ̀ rí
The dead person does not stay dead; Ottoman usage often attributes this to the deceased having been a witch (cadı).
Bí o ṣe di ọ̀kan
A corpse that fails to decay in the grave, often that of a reputed witch or sorcerer.
Làákàyè
Làákàyè díẹ̀
Àwọn ibi tó lẹ̀
  • a stake through the heart or body
  • burning
  • decapitation
  • quicklime poured on the corpse
  • throwing the body into a river

Ìgbà wo ló kọ́kọ́ farahàn?

Ayé àtijọ́Sáà Àárín1500 sí 18991900 sí 19671968 sí 19992000 sí 20092010 títí di òní1550

Cases involving hortlaks appear in Ottoman kadı court records from the mid-16th century

àkọsílẹ̀ pápá

Ohun tí àwọn orísun sọ

1

The name comes from the Turkish verb hortlamak, to come up out of the grave12

2

The traveller Evliya Çelebi defined obur as witches, sorcerers and those who rise from their graves12

3

Ottoman fatwas permitted exhuming and destroying corpses that returned to trouble the living12

4

Risen cadıs were blamed for throwing stones, moving objects and possessing animals12

5

In 1826 former Janissaries at Tırnova were publicly branded as risen dead, a case historians read as political12

Àwọn orísun

  1. Hortdan - Wikipedia
  2. Vampires in Turkish Culture - KÜRE Encyclopedia

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Ìtàn àtẹnudẹ́nu láti àwọn ilẹ̀ kan náà

MhachkayTatar and wider Turkic, 1833ÖrekTurkic (Tatar, Bashkir, Turkish, Azerbaijani)

Sáà kan náà: 1500 sí 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750StrigoiRomanian, 1714Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725AbhartachIrish, 1870Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732
Fún agbo náà ní oúnjẹFi ẹ̀bùn sílẹ̀