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Illustration of Nachzehrer — Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.

ファイル050／446

Nachzehrer

別名: Nachtzehrer, shroud eater

伝承と神話アンデッドほとんど動かない不幸な死や粗末な埋葬1500～1899年

The Nachzehrer is the German shroud-eater, a corpse that kills without getting up. By chewing its grave clothes it was thought to drag its surviving relatives after it one by one, by malice or simply from wanting company. The belief gave communities a reason to open graves during outbreaks of disease and helped shape learned debate about the 'masticating dead' in the 18th century. It represents the stationary end of the revenant spectrum, where the corpse is dangerous but does not walk.1 2

最古の記録

1800

The word dates from the 19th century; the belief is several centuries older

起源

German

ドイツ, ポーランド

原因

不幸な死や粗末な埋葬

Folk explanations blame mistakes at burial, such as giving the dead some of the living's own belongings.

なり方

Burying a person with grave goods taken from the living, or with their name still on the burial clothes, was thought to risk it.

動き方

ほとんど動かない

It need not leave the grave at all: lying there, it chews its shroud and draws the life out of its kin at a distance.

知能

多少の知能あり

最初に登場したのはいつ？

古代世界中世 1500～1899年 1900～1967年 1968～1999年 2000～2009年 2010年～現在

1800

The word dates from the 19th century; the belief is several centuries older

フィールドノート

出典の記述

1

The name means roughly 'after-devourer'1 2

2

It gnaws its own shroud and clothing, which was treated as the commonest sign1 2

3

Other signs on exhumation: open eyes or mouth, red lips, a soft body, a thumb clasped in the opposite hand1 2

4

Often, though not always, blamed for epidemics1 2

5

Belief centred on northern Germany, with reports from Silesia and Bavaria1 2

6

Michael Ranft devoted a 1734 treatise to the 'chewing and smacking of the dead in their graves'1 2

出典

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同じ土地の伝承

StrzygaPolish and Silesian, 1863

UpiórSlavic, 1100

Pień padlocked burialPolish, 1650

Shoemaker of BreslauSilesian (German), 1591

WiedergängerGerman

AufhockerGerman

同じ時代：1500～1899年

JiangshiChinese, 1789

Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750

StrigoiRomanian, 1714

Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725

AbhartachIrish, 1870

Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732

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