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Illustration of Nachzehrer — Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.

Fáìlì Nọ́ńbà 050 nínú 446

Nachzehrer

A tún ń pè é ní: Nachtzehrer, shroud eater

Ìtàn àtẹnudẹ́nu àti àròsọÒkúKò fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ rìnIkú tàbí ìsìnkú búburú1500 sí 1899

The Nachzehrer is the German shroud-eater, a corpse that kills without getting up. By chewing its grave clothes it was thought to drag its surviving relatives after it one by one, by malice or simply from wanting company. The belief gave communities a reason to open graves during outbreaks of disease and helped shape learned debate about the 'masticating dead' in the 18th century. It represents the stationary end of the revenant spectrum, where the corpse is dangerous but does not walk.1 2

Ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ tí a kọ sílẹ̀

1800

The word dates from the 19th century; the belief is several centuries older

Orírun

German

Germany, Poland

Ohun tó fà á

Ikú tàbí ìsìnkú búburú

Folk explanations blame mistakes at burial, such as giving the dead some of the living's own belongings.

Bí o ṣe di ọ̀kan

Burying a person with grave goods taken from the living, or with their name still on the burial clothes, was thought to risk it.

Bí ó ṣe ń rìn

Kò fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ rìn

It need not leave the grave at all: lying there, it chews its shroud and draws the life out of its kin at a distance.

Làákàyè

Làákàyè díẹ̀

Ìgbà wo ló kọ́kọ́ farahàn?

Ayé àtijọ́Sáà Àárín 1500 sí 1899 1900 sí 1967 1968 sí 1999 2000 sí 2009 2010 títí di òní

1800

The word dates from the 19th century; the belief is several centuries older

àkọsílẹ̀ pápá

Ohun tí àwọn orísun sọ

1

The name means roughly 'after-devourer'1 2

2

It gnaws its own shroud and clothing, which was treated as the commonest sign1 2

3

Other signs on exhumation: open eyes or mouth, red lips, a soft body, a thumb clasped in the opposite hand1 2

4

Often, though not always, blamed for epidemics1 2

5

Belief centred on northern Germany, with reports from Silesia and Bavaria1 2

6

Michael Ranft devoted a 1734 treatise to the 'chewing and smacking of the dead in their graves'1 2

Àwọn orísun

Gbogbo òtítọ́ lórí ojú ewé yìí wá láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí, a kọ ọ́ ní ọ̀rọ̀ tiwa. Ṣé o rí àṣìṣe? Sọ fún wa ní [email protected].

Fún agbo náà ní oúnjẹ. Kò sí ìpolówó, kò sí olùtọpa, ẹnìkan ló ń sanwó rẹ̀. Ẹ̀bùn kan ń mú kí ojú-òpó náà wà lórí ayélujára.Fi ẹ̀bùn sílẹ̀

Ìtàn àtẹnudẹ́nu láti àwọn ilẹ̀ kan náà

StrzygaPolish and Silesian, 1863

UpiórSlavic, 1100

Pień padlocked burialPolish, 1650

Shoemaker of BreslauSilesian (German), 1591

WiedergängerGerman

AufhockerGerman

Sáà kan náà: 1500 sí 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789

Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750

StrigoiRomanian, 1714

Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725

AbhartachIrish, 1870

Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732

Fún agbo náà ní oúnjẹFi ẹ̀bùn sílẹ̀